Определительные придаточные предложения в английском языке (Relative clauses) + упражнения
Определительные придаточные предложения в английском языке (Relative clauses)
Что это такое и как этим пользоваться?
Relative clause — или на русском определительное придаточное предложение, — это часть сложного предложения, которое зависит от главного. Оно обычно соединяет два маленьких предложения в одно или просто добавляет новую интересную информацию, чтобы вам было понятнее, давайте посмотрим пример.
I have a mother who works as a doctor. — У меня есть мама, которая работает врачом.
I missed the bus that was going to take me to church. — Я пропустила автобус, который должен был отвезти меня в церковь.
Defining relative clauses (Ограничительные определения)
Defining relative clauses дают важную информацию о существительном
1. My sister, who lives in London, is coming to Paris.
2. My sister who lives in London is coming to Paris.
В defining relative clauses мы можем опустить слово-связку
I’ve eaten the pasta (which) I made yesterday.
Ограничительные придаточные предложения при письме не выделяются запятыми.
Non-defining relative clauses (Распространительные предложения)
Non-defining relative дают дополнительную информацию о подлежащем. Придаточное предложение в этом случае выделяется с двух сторон запятыми.
That project, which I started years ago, still isn’t finished.
1. That is the shop ____ was awarded as the best shop in the city. 2. The girl ____ brother go with me to the gym is a good singer. 3. The man ____ broke into our house was caught in two days. 4. She visits her grandmother ____ lives in countryside every summer. 5. She was wearing a dress ___ looked like princess’. 6. The bookshelf ____ we bought last week has broken down. 7. The man ___ was sitting on the bench turned around and saw his granddaughter. 8. A woman ____ son was crying paid no attention to him. 9. The woman ____ car had broken down on her way home spend 3 hours waiting for help. 10. My best friend ____ I have known for years will never let me down. 11. He didn’t follow the instructions ____ he was given, so he failed to pass the test. 12. The girl ___ lived next door was very shy and couldn’t say a word to protect herself at school. 13. I need to buy a laptop ____ can work up to 5 hours without a charger. 14. My father ___ is a doctor has no idea how to repair a car. 15. The photo ____ is placed on the mantel was taken at the picnic two years ago.
2. Поставьте подходящее относительное местоимение who, which, that, when, why, where или whose.
His sister, … name is Lara, works at the library.
Her last film, … I couldn’t understand at all, was a great success.
Give him something … will take away the pain.
I work in the town … my son lives.
We’ll show you the poem … changed my life.
Doctors, … claim money, are shameless.
Is there a shop near here … sells milk?
That’s the main reason … I came to you.
I’ll never forget my childhood … I was so happy.
People … live in flats shouldn’t have animals.
The car … he bought last month is fantastic.
This is the most beautiful waterfall … we have ever seen!
3. Соедините предложения, используя придаточные предложения.
Н-р: My dad works in a factory. It makes parts for computers. (Мой отец работает на фабрике. Она производит детали для компьютеров.) – The factory … makes parts for computers. – The factory where my dad works makes parts for computers. (Фабрика, на которой работает мой отец, производит детали для компьютеров.)
There is a bakery near my house. It sells wonderful pies. – The bakery … sells wonderful pies.
They lived in a cottage. It was struck by lightning. – The cottage … was struck by lightning.
The woman didn’t apologize. Her cat bit me. – The woman … didn’t apologize.
Madonna is a famous American singer. Her parents were born in Italy. – Madonna … is a famous American singer.
The apartment is the biggest in the house. The lawyer lives there. – The apartment … is the biggest in the house.
We play tennis in a sports centre. It is very expensive. – The sports centre … is very expensive.
Attributive Clauses – определительные придаточные предложения в английском языке
Attributive Clause – определительные придаточные предложения в английском языке выполняют функцию определения и отвечают на вопросы what? / which? —какой? /который?
Attributive Clause следует непосредственно за тем существительным в главном предложении, которое они определяют, и соединяются с главным предложением следующими союзными словами:
Относительные местоимения (relative pronouns)
Наречия (adverbs) — редко
· who — который
· whom — которого
· whose — чей, которого
· which — который
· that — который
· when — когда
· where — где, куда
· why — почему
Примеры Attributive Clauses с переводом
Перед вами примеры определительных придаточных предложения в английском языке. Attributive Clause в каждом из примеров выделен курсивом. Все примеры даются с переводом.
Правила употребления относительных местоимений who, which, that.
THAT: Ограничительные определительные придаточные предложения большей частью вводятся относительным местоимением that, которое употребляется как с одушевленными, так и с неодушевленными существительными.
WHICH: Только с неодушевленными существительными употребляется местоимение which.
WHO: С одушевленными существительными необходимо употреблять местоимение who.
The man that (who) lives in the neighboring street, is an Internet addict. — Человек, который живет на соседней улице. зависим от интернета.
The gadget that (which) connects your computer to the Internet is called a modem. — Устройство, которое связывает ваш компьютер с интернетом, называется модемом.
This is one of the few really good devices that have been developed this year. — Это одно из немногих хороших устройств, которые были разработаны в этом году.
В последнем предложении сказуемое придаточного предложения согласуется в числе с определяемым существительным. В последнем примере that относится к слову devices стоящему во множественном числе, поэтому сказуемое придаточного предложения выражено формой глагола во множественном числе — have been developed.
Упражнение для контроля
Вставьте относительные местоимения (who, whom, whose, which, that) или наречие (where )
1 that/which, 2 who/that, 3 where, 4 who/that, 5 that/which, 6 where, 7 who/that, 8 where, 9 that/which, 10 where, 11 that/which, 12 whom, 13 that/which, 14 who/that, 15 whose, 16 who/that, 17 that/which
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Relative clauses (Придаточные предложения). Ответы
1. Обведите правильные варианты.
1. Houses and apartments are places where / who people live.
2. Horseback riding is an activity where / which is done outside.
3. A musician is someone who / which plays music professionally.
4. The park is a place where / which I walk my dog.
5. An artist is someone which / who paints pictures.
6. Hiking is something where / that I love to do.
7. My street is a place which / where I like to relax.
8. My dad is a person who / which enjoys reading books.
2. Напишите предложения, используя придаточные предложения (relative clauses).
1. Elephant Run is a sport. It is played in Zaululu. _____________________________________
2. Roger Federer is a tennis player. He has won many championships. _____________________________________
3. A football field is a place. You play football here. _____________________________________
3. Выберете правильное относительное местоимение. Обведите a или b.
1. Schools are places _____ children study.
a. where. b. which
2. My mom is someone _____ loves cooking.
a. which b. who
3. Volleyball is a sport _____ is very exciting.
a. that b. who
4. An actor is person _____ acts professionally.
a. who b. which
5. Football is a sport _____ I enjoy playing.
a. where. b. which
6. My bedroom is a place _____ I like to read.
a. that b. where
7. A teacher is a person _____ teaches.
a. who b. which
8. The gym is the place _____ we play sports.
a. where. b. which
4. Соедините два предложения в одно.
1. Ruslan was a famous footballer. He played for Ukraine. _____________________________________
2. Tennis is a racket sport. It was first played in France. _____________________________________
3. A movie theater is a place. You can watch movies there. _____________________________________
5. Заполните правила на основании предложений, приведенных ниже.
a. Tennis is a sport that is popular all over the world.
b. A football player is someone who plays football.
c. A tennis court is a place where people play tennis.
We use who for people.
(1) ____________________________________
We use which / that for things.
(2) ____________________________________
We use where for places.
(3) ____________________________________
6. Напишите предложение с which / that, where, или who.
2. Mom / the person / looks after us _____________________________________
3. The gym / place / I do exercise _____________________________________
4. The coffee shop / place / I see my friends _____________________________________
5. Football / a sport / is popular worldwide _____________________________________
6. Heavy metal / music / is very loud _____________________________________
7. Обведите правильные относительные местоимения.
1. Marina Pelyova is someone who / which is very focused on her studies.
2. That’s the baseball stadium which / where I train twice a week.
3. Discipline is something who / that is very important in ballet.
4. I want to go back to the house where / which I grew up.
5. Ed Peterson is the singer who / were performed at Madison Square Garden last week.
Вы можете разместить свои варианты ответов для проверки в блоке для комментариев ниже.
Relative clauses (exercises) (Придаточные определительные предложения. Упражнения)
1 Underline any relative pronouns that can be left out in these sentences.
1 I think that my boss is the person who I admire most.
2 Harry, who was tired, went to bed very early.
3 Were taking the train that leaves at 6.00.
4 Have you seen the book that I left here on the desk?
5 The film which we liked most was the French one.
6 My radio, which isn’t very old, has suddenly stopped working.
7 The clothes which you left behind are at the reception desk.
8 The couple who met me at the station took me out to dinner.
9 Last week I ran into an old friend who I hadn’t seen for ages.
1 This is the magazine which I told you about.
2 John’s flat, which is in the same block as mine, is much larger.
3 The girl whose bag I offered to carry turned out to be an old friend.
4 The policeman who arrested her had recognized her car.
5 I work with someone who knows you.
6 We don’t sell goods which have been damaged.
7 Brighton, which is on the south coast, is a popular holiday resort.
8 I don’t know anyone whose clothes would fit you.
9 There’s a cafe near here which serves very good meals.
10 People who park outside get given parking tickets.
3 Underline the most suitable word in each sentence.
1 My friend Jack, that / who / whose parents live in Glasgow, invited me to spend Christmas in Scotland.
2 Here’s the computer program that / whom / whose I told you about.
3 I don’t believe the story that / who / whom she told us.
4 Peter comes from Witney, that / who / which is near Oxford.
5 This is the gun with that / whom / which the murder was committed.
6 Have you received the parcel whom / whose / which we sent you?
7 Is this the person who / which / whose you asked me about?
8 That’s the girl that / who / whose brother sits next to me at school.
9 The meal, that / which / whose wasn’t very tasty, was quite expensive.
10 We didn’t enjoy the play that / who / whose we went to see.
4 Put one suitable word in each space, or leave the space blank where possible.
MURDER AT THE STATION by Lorraine Small Episode 5: Trouble on the 6.15 The story so far:
Jane Platt, (1) ….who. is travelling to London because of a mysterious letter, is the only person (2). witnesses a murder at Victoria Station. The detective to (3). she gives her statement then disappears. Jane goes to an office in Soho to answer the letter (4). she had received. There she discovers that her uncle Gordon, (5). lives in South America, has sent her a small box (6). she is only to open if in trouble. Jane,(7). parents have never mentioned an Uncle Gordon, is suspicious of the box, (8). she gives to her friend Tony. They go to Scotland Yard and see Inspector Groves, (9). has not heard of the Victoria Station murder, (10). was not reported to the police. Jane gives Inspector Groves the murdered man’s ticket, (11). she found beside his body. Then Jane and Tony decide to go to Redhill, (12). was. The town (13). the murdered man had come from. On the train they meet a man, (14). face is somehow familiar to Jane, (15). says he knows her Uncle Gordon …
5 Put a suitable relative pronoun in each space, or leave the space blank where possible.
2 The shoes. I bought were the ones. I tried on first.
3 The bag in. the robbers put the money was found later.
4 The medicine. the doctor gave me had no effect at all.
5 Peter. couldn’t see the screen, decided to change his seat.
6 I really liked that tea. you made me this morning.
7 What was the name of your friend. tent we borrowed?
8 The flight. Joe was leaving on was cancelled.
6 Make one sentence from each group of sentences, beginning as shown.
1 The hotel was full of guests. The hotel was miles from anywhere. The guests had gone there to admire the scenery.
The hotel, which. ..was miles from anywhere was full of guests who had gone there to admire the scenery.
2 I lent you a book. It was written by a friend of mine. She lives in France.
3 A woman’s handbag was stolen. A police officer was staying in the same hotel. The woman was interviewed by him.
4 A goal was scored by a teenager. He had come on as substitute. This goal won the match.
5 I was sitting next to a boy in the exam. He told me the answers.
6 My wallet contained over £100. It was found in the street by a schoolboy. He returned it.
7 My friend Albert has decided to buy a motorbike. His car was stolen last week. My friend Albert.
8 Carol is a vegetarian. I cooked a meal for her last week. She enjoyed it. Carol.
7 Make one new sentence from each pair of sentences. Begin as shown, and use the word given in capitals.
Brenda is a friend. I went on holiday with her.
This is Mr Smith. His son Bill plays in our team.
Her book was published last year. It became a best seller.
This is the bank. We borrowed the money from it.
This is the bank from.
I told you about a person. She is at the door.
Jack’s car had broken down. He had to take a bus.
8 Make one sentence from each group of sentences, beginning as shown.
1 I got on a train. I wanted to go to a station. The train didn’t stop there.
2 I read a book. You recommended a book to me. This was the book.
3 The ship hit an iceberg and sank. Warning messages had been sent to it. The ship ignored these.
4 The postman realized I was on holiday. You had sent me a parcel. The postman left it next door.
5 I used to own a dog. People came to the door. The dog never barked at them. The dog I.
6 I bought my bike from a woman. She lives in a house. You can see the house over there.
7 We went to a beach on the first day of our holiday. It was covered in seaweed. This smelled a lot.
8 My neighbours have three small children. The children make a lot of noise.
My neighbours never apologize.
9 I bought a new computer. It cost me a lot of money.
9 These sentences are all grammatically possible, but not appropriate in speech. Rewrite each sentence so that it ends with the preposition in italics.
1 Margaret is the girl with whom I went on holiday.
2 The golf club is the only club of which I am a member.
3 That’s the girl about whom we were talking.
4 It was a wonderful present, for which I was extremely grateful.
5 This is the school to which I used to go.
6 Is this the case in which we should put the wine glasses?
7 Can you move the chair on which you are sitting?
8 That’s the shop from which I got my shoes.
9 Is that the person next to whom you usually sit?
10 This is Bill, about whom you have heard so much.
1 1 who. 2 none. 3 none. 4 that. 5 which. 6 none. 7 which. 8 none. 9 who. 10 that.
2 1 that I told you about. 2 not possible. 3 not possible. 4 that arrested her. 5 that knows you. 6 that have been damaged. 7 not possible. 8 not possible. 9 that serves very good meals. 10 that park outside.
3 1 whose. 2 that. 3 that. 4 which. 5 which. 6 which.7 who. 8 whose. 9 which.10 that.
4 1 who. 2 who. 3 whom. 4 blank. 5 who. 6 which. 7 whose. 8 which. 9 who. 10 which. 11 which. 12 which. 13 blank. 14 whose. 15 who.
5 1 which. 2 blank, blank. 3 which. 4 blank. 5 who. 6 blank. 7 whose. 8 blank.
6 1 The hotel, which was miles from anywhere,was full of guests who had gone there to admire the scenery.
7 1 Brenda is the friend who I went on holiday with. 2 This is Mr Smith, whose son Bill plays in our team. 3 Her book, which was published last year, became a best seller. 4 This is the bank from which we borrowed the money. 5 The person who I told you about is at the door. 6 Jack, whose car had broken down, had to take a bus.
8 1 The train I got on didn’t stop at the station I wanted to go to. 2 The book I read was the book/ one you recommended to me. 3 The ship, which had ignored the warning messages sent to it,hit an iceberg and sank. 4 The postman, who realized I was on holiday, left the parcel you had sent me next door. 5 The dog I used to own never barked at people who came to the door. 6 The woman I bought my bike from lives in the house you can see over there.7 The beach we went to on the first day of our holiday was covered in seaweed which smelled a lot. 8 My neighbours, whose three small children make a lot of noise, never apologize. 9 The new computer I bought cost me a lot of money.
9 1 Margaret is the girl I went on holiday with. 2 The golf club is the only club I am a member of. 3 That’s the girl we were talking about. 4 It was a wonderful present, which I was extremely grateful for. 5 This is the school I used to go to. 6 Is this the case we should put the wine glasses in? 7 Can you move the chair you are sitting on? 8 That’s the shop I got my shoes from. 9 Is that the person you usually sit next to? 10 This is Bill, who you’ve heard so much about.
Relative Pronouns (упражнения на относительные местоимения, intermediate)
Здравствуйте! Если relative pronouns (относительные местоимения) понадобились вам, значит вы уже на уровне intermediate изучения английского языка. Ведь эти местоимения используются при написании письменных работ намного чаще, чем в разговорной речи. С помощью них мы делаем предложения более длинными, соединяя из простых в сложные. В этом уроке вас ждут упражнения на относительные местоимения.
Относительные местоимения. Упражнения (intermediate)
Упражнение 1. Заполните пропуски, используя who, which, where, whose.
Упражнение 2. Заполните пропуски местоимениями that, which, who, whom, whose, where. Поставьте в скобки те из них, которые можно опустить. Переведите предложения.
A. Придаточные определительные в роли дополнения
1.I like the song … Jane sang yesterday. 2. This is the boy …. bicycle Tom borrowed. 3. It was the best film … I’ve ever seen. 4. Here is the man …. has lost his dog. 5. He showed me his new car, … is very modern and expensive. 6. This is the dictionary… I bought yesterday. 7. She is the girl .. I saw yesterday. 8. Let us meet in the park … we got acquainted.
B. Придаточные определительные в роли подлежащего
1.The job … I applied for is in Manchester. 2. The hotel … I stayed during the summer was excellent. 3. The photo … I liked was taken in England. 4. The man … I met was Andrew Manson. 5. The boy … dog was lost was very unhappy. 6. The people … I got acquainted were all very pleasant. 7. The picture … hangs on the wall was painted by my sister. 8. The money … was in my pocket has been stolen.
Упражнение 3. Вставьте относительные местоимения, где нужно.
Упражнение 4. Соедините предложения, используя относительные местоимения.
1.Не is the man. He lives next door. 2. This is the picture. You presented to me last month. 3. These are the gloves. I found them on the train. 4. I met two actors. We watched them on TV show last night. 5. This is the house. My father built it many years ago. 6. The person got a reward. He took the lost wallet to the police station. 7. Where is the letter? I put it in the table.8. This is the picture. I took it on holidays.
Упражнение 5. Соедините предложения, используя относительные местоимения.
1.This is the house. I was born here. 2. That is the woman. She gave you the book. 3. That is the book. The woman gave it to you. 4. Where is the shop? You bought the book there. 5. Is that the man? He owns the shop. 6. Is that the woman? She married the man. He owns the shop. I bought the book there.
Упражнение 6. В данном тексте содержится 11 ошибок. Найдите и исправьте их.
The town which I was born has changed greatly over the last fifty years. Now there is a modern shopping center on the place that my school used to be and all the children whose went there have grown up and moved away. The local cinema, that was built several years ago, used to be a dance hall which big bands played. The park, where was my favourite place as a child, is now a car park. Some things are still the same though. Mrs Jones, whom is now seventy years old, still lives in the High Street and Mr Jones still owns the baker’s shop, that two sons now work instead of him. The hospital where I was born in is still standing, although it is now much bigger than it was at the time which I was born. On the day which my family and I left our town we were all very sad.
Упражнение 7. Дайте определения данным словам, используя определительные придаточные предложения. Используйте слова: mechanism, piece of furniture, machine, water reservoir, thing, person, place.
ОБРАЗЕЦ An island is a piece of land which is surrounded by water.
1.a teacher (to teach students); 2. a watch (to show the time); 3. a park (to go for walks); 4. a swimming pool (to swim); 5. a bank (to keep your money); 6. baker’s (to buy bread); 7. a dictionary (find the translation of the words); 8. a mixer (to mix things with) 9. an armchair (to relax in it); 10. a fork (to eat with).
Упражнение 8. Перепишите предложения, опустив относительные местоимения и поставив предлоги в нужное место.
1.This is the train by which I came. 2. Do you know the boy to whom I was talking? 3. The people with whom I live are very pleasant. 4. This is the box out of which he took the money. 5. I don’t know the man to whom you wrote a letter. 6. The man from whom I got the information is a lawyer.
Упражнение 9. Соедините предложения, поставив предлоги в нужное место.
Упражнение 10. Подумайте, как можно закончить данные предложения.
Упражнение 11. Переведите на английский.